Full disk encryption

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Author
bigbenaugust
Posts: 56
Joined: Wed Dec 20, 2017 10:41 am

Re: Full disk encryption

#11 Post by bigbenaugust »

Debian asks once, after GRUB.
and yes, it is the LVM/LUKS combo, I cannot remember the order.
--Ben

User avatar
c4os
Posts: 29
Joined: Tue Jun 19, 2018 12:28 pm

Re: Full disk encryption

#12 Post by c4os »

Ok, lets go!

Boot from live medium and gain root at the terminal.

You need to create 2 partitions. First partition for boot with approximately 512MB and a second with the rest of the disk.
Format the boot partition with ext2 and the second partition unformatted.

Looks like this:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 119.2 GiB, 128035675648 bytes, 250069679 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7b703775

Device     Boot   Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1          2048   1050623   1048576   512M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       1050624 250068991 249018368 118.8G 83 Linux
If you want to clean all data, do:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sda2 bs=4k status=progress
But it takes a while!

You need to install lvm2:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# apt-get install lvm2
Next step is to create LUKS disk:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda2

WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on /dev/sda2 irrevocably.

Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES
Enter passphrase: 
Verify passphrase: 
It goes without saying to use a looooong passphrase! May you have heard about hashcat?

Mount crypt disk:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda2 sda2_crypt
Enter passphrase for /dev/sda2: 
Check lvms:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# ls -l /dev/mapper/
total 0
crw------- 1 root root 10, 236 Jun 19 05:43 control
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Jun 19 06:13 sda2_crypt -> ../dm-0
Create a phyisical volume:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# pvcreate /dev/mapper/sda2_crypt
  Physical volume "/dev/mapper/sda2_crypt" successfully created.
Create a volume group:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# vgcreate diskLVM /dev/mapper/sda2_crypt
  Volume group "diskLVM" successfully created
Create the logical volumes. I used 15GB for root, 5GB for swap (should be a little bit bigger as your RAM) and the rest for home:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# lvcreate -n root -L 15G diskLVM -Z n
  WARNING: Logical volume diskLVM/root not zeroed.
  Logical volume "root" created.

root@mx1:/home/demo# lvcreate -n swap -L 5g diskLVM -Z n
  WARNING: Logical volume diskLVM/swap not zeroed.
  Logical volume "swap" created.

root@mx1:/home/demo# lvcreate -n home -l 100%FREE diskLVM -Z n
  WARNING: Logical volume diskLVM/home not zeroed.
  Logical volume "home" created.
Check your logical volumes:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/diskLVM/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                diskLVM
  LV UUID                30kSyu-0yN2-thzx-URY3-GyAf-x7Eg-7LgICf
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time mx1, 2018-06-19 06:37:54 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                15.00 GiB
  Current LE             3840
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           254:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/diskLVM/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                diskLVM
  LV UUID                QXCWmj-xYQ6-M0eE-Pt89-ujMg-mI4k-s5wHjU
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time mx1, 2018-06-19 06:39:17 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                5.00 GiB
  Current LE             1280
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           254:2
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/diskLVM/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                diskLVM
  LV UUID                OvMVTo-EkIg-FNmb-H81Z-q1mD-qp6g-Sctie7
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time mx1, 2018-06-19 06:40:51 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                98.74 GiB
  Current LE             25277
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           254:3
And your mapper devices:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# ls -l /dev/mapper/
total 0
crw------- 1 root root 10, 236 Jun 19 05:43 control
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Jun 19 06:40 diskLVM-home -> ../dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Jun 19 06:37 diskLVM-root -> ../dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Jun 19 06:44 diskLVM-swap -> ../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Jun 19 06:40 sda2_crypt -> ../dm-0
About the message the device is "not zeroed", you can wipe it's with:
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/mapper/diskLVM-... bs=4k
If it was a new disk don't waste your time.

Format and activate your swap volume:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# mkswap /dev/mapper/diskLVM-swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 5 GiB (5368705024 bytes)
no label, UUID=fe655c35-f51b-434e-b793-3ac00475f2ec

root@mx1:/home/demo# swapon /dev/mapper/diskLVM-swap
Format the root and the home volume:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/mapper/diskLVM-root
mke2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
Creating filesystem with 3932160 4k blocks and 983040 inodes
Filesystem UUID: eff44206-ffab-4cca-b78a-b8c1954307dc
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done


root@mx1:/home/demo# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/mapper/diskLVM-home
mke2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
Creating filesystem with 25883648 4k blocks and 6471680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 443a74f0-8b04-437d-a7b5-1d27a55ac46b
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (131072 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
Mount the root volume to /mnt:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# mount /dev/mapper/diskLVM-root /mnt
Create directories for boot and home:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# mkdir /mnt/boot /mnt/home
Mount boot partition and home volume:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/

root@mx1:/home/demo# mount /dev/mapper/diskLVM-home /mnt/home/
Copy the MX file system (it can take a while):

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root@mx1:/home/demo# cp -a /live/aufs/* /mnt/
Check your disk UUID's:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 Jun 19 06:06 2017-05-05-08-16-50-00 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 19 06:06 23cd3220-553c-49af-ac5a-91e88ec8abed -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 19 06:47 443a74f0-8b04-437d-a7b5-1d27a55ac46b -> ../../dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 19 06:06 8D6C-E184 -> ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 19 06:13 bd662f4e-01d4-4ac4-82fb-b68c1e5a20f7 -> ../../sda2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 19 06:47 eff44206-ffab-4cca-b78a-b8c1954307dc -> ../../dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 19 06:44 fe655c35-f51b-434e-b793-3ac00475f2ec -> ../../dm-2
Now you have to edit your /mnt/etc/fstab to something like this, but with YOUR sda1 UUID:

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# /etc/fstab: static file system information
#
# Created by make-fstab on Tue Jun 19 05:43:39 EDT 2018

# <file system>                            <mount point>                               <type>     <options>                       <dump/$
# My root LVM
/dev/mapper/diskLVM-root        /       ext4    errors=remount-ro       0       1
# My UUID /boot device with should be pointed to /dev/sda1
UUID=23cd3220-553c-49af-ac5a-91e88ec8abed       /boot   ext2    defaults        0       2
# My swap volume
/dev/mapper/diskLVM-swap        none    swap    sw      0       0
# My home volume
/dev/mapper/diskLVM-home        /home   ext4    defaults        0       2
Edit your /mnt/etc/crypttab to something like this, but with YOUR sda2 UUID:

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# <target name> <source device>         <key file>      <options>
sda2_crypt      UUID=bd662f4e-01d4-4ac4-82fb-b68c1e5a20f7       none    luks,discard
Edit your /mnt/etc/lvm/lvm.conf parameter issue_discards = 0 to issue_discards = 1 if you have an SDD disk!

Copy your current resolv.conf if different (not in my case):

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root@mx1:/home/demo# cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc
cp: '/etc/resolv.conf' and '/mnt/etc/resolv.conf' are the same file
Mount your local services to /mnt:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# mount -o bind /run /mnt/run/
root@mx1:/home/demo# mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev
root@mx1:/home/demo# mount -o bind /sys /mnt/sys
root@mx1:/home/demo# mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
Copy your current mounts if different (not in my case):

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root@mx1:/home/demo# cp /proc/mounts /mnt/etc/mtab
cp: '/proc/mounts' and '/mnt/etc/mtab' are the same file
Jump into the new root:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# chroot /mnt /bin/bash
Install grub:

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root@mx1:/# grub-install /dev/sda
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
I have a different keymap, so I need to set KEYMAP=n in /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf to KEYMAP=y.
Also need to change special setting for me:

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root@mx1:/# dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
root@mx1:/# dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
root@mx1:/# dpkg-reconfigure locales
root@mx1:/# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Update your ramdisk:

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root@mx1:/# update-initramfs -u
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-1-amd64
Update your grub config:

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root@mx1:/# update-grub
Generating grub configuration file ...
using custom appearance settings
Found background image: .background_cache.png
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-1-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-1-amd64
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin
Found memtest86+ multiboot image: /memtest86+_multiboot.bin
Install grub again (only for sure):

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root@mx1:/# grub-install /dev/sda
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
Remove the demo user:

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root@mx1:/# deluser --remove-home demo
Looking for files to backup/remove ...
Removing files ...
Removing user `demo' ...
Warning: group `demo' has no more members.
Done.
Add a new user:

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root@mx1:/# adduser c4os
Adding user `c4os' ...
Adding new group `c4os' (1000) ...
Adding new user `c4os' (1000) with group `c4os' ...
Creating home directory `/home/c4os' ...
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
Enter new UNIX password: 
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for c4os
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
	Full Name []: 
	Room Number []: 
	Work Phone []: 
	Home Phone []: 
	Other []: 
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
Adding new user `c4os' to extra groups ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `dialout' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `dip' ...
adduser: The group `fuse' does not exist.
Adding user `c4os' to group `cdrom' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `audio' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `video' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `plugdev' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `users' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `floppy' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `netdev' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `scanner' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `lp' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `lpadmin' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `sudo' ...
Adding user `c4os' to group `vboxsf' ...
May lock the root user:

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root@mx1:/# passwd -l root
But I'm not sure if it's the correct way, because I had problems with my user sudo and his password.

Exit chroot with CRTL+D.

Unmount all mounts:

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root@mx1:/home/demo# umount /mnt/proc 
root@mx1:/home/demo# umount /mnt/sys
root@mx1:/home/demo# umount /mnt/run
root@mx1:/home/demo# umount /mnt/dev
root@mx1:/home/demo# umount /mnt/home
root@mx1:/home/demo# umount /mnt/boot
root@mx1:/home/demo# umount /mnt
Now you have done and can reboot! :crossfingers:

Issues:
Message at boot

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WARNING : Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to device scanning
This message is displayed, whether running Debian stable or Debian testing.
To get rid of this message, disable lvmetad in /etc/lvm/lvm.conf

use_lvmetad=0

Update the initramfs for the current kernel your system uses :
update-initramfs -k $(uname -r) -u; sync

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$ sudo update-initramfs -u
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-1-amd64
I: The initramfs will attempt to resume from /dev/dm-2
I: (UUID=fe655c35-f51b-434e-b793-3ac00475f2ec)
I: Set the RESUME variable to override this.
I added this issue to the last, because I haven't test it during the installation. On next test I'll change it at the discard/lvm.conf part.
Additionally, don't know where to set the RESUME variable!
Maybe this depend the message when shutdown:

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Stopping remaining crypto disks ... sda2_crypt (busy) ... failed
Hopefully we will get a new feature installer at the next release. It would be great to have the FIRST linux crypt installer which can install a crypt linux behind a windows installation. ;-)

Have a nice weekend and happy testing my friends!
Last edited by c4os on Fri Jun 22, 2018 6:15 am, edited 7 times in total.
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User avatar
c4os
Posts: 29
Joined: Tue Jun 19, 2018 12:28 pm

Re: Full disk encryption

#13 Post by c4os »

c4os wrote: Wed Jun 20, 2018 4:21 am ...
This manual is for an empty disk, but it also works behind a Windows installation, if Windows has only 3 partitions created.
Normally Windows use a boot, a system and a recovery disk, which are primary disks. In this case the fourth should be an extended partition, which include boot and the rest of LVM partitions.
But we speak about an empty disk and this is only for information.
Also the numbers of partitions into the LVM are not limited. You can create as much as you want. In my manual I created only root, home and swap.
...
As mentioned before if you have a new laptop and want to keep your windows the partitions should be:

/dev/sda1 windows system
/dev/sda2 windows recovery
/dev/sda3 windows boot
/dev/sda4 extended partition
/dev/sda5 /boot
/dev/sda6 unformated for LUKS

The only problem could be, if your manufacturer adds a additional windows partition for diagnostic.
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User avatar
c4os
Posts: 29
Joined: Tue Jun 19, 2018 12:28 pm

Re: Full disk encryption

#14 Post by c4os »

c4os wrote: Fri Jun 22, 2018 3:55 am Message at boot

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WARNING : Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to device scanning
This message is displayed, whether running Debian stable or Debian testing.
To get rid of this message, disable lvmetad in /etc/lvm/lvm.conf

use_lvmetad=0
On my second test installation I hadn't this error! :confused:
To disable the "use_lvmetad" brings me an error:

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root@mx1:/# update-grub
Generating grub configuration file ...
using custom appearance settings
Found background image: .background_cache.png
  WARNING: Not using lvmetad because config setting use_lvmetad=0.
  WARNING: To avoid corruption, rescan devices to make changes visible (pvscan --cache).
  WARNING: Not using lvmetad because config setting use_lvmetad=0.
  WARNING: To avoid corruption, rescan devices to make changes visible (pvscan --cache).
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-1-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-1-amd64
  WARNING: Not using lvmetad because config setting use_lvmetad=0.
  WARNING: To avoid corruption, rescan devices to make changes visible (pvscan --cache).
  WARNING: Not using lvmetad because config setting use_lvmetad=0.
  WARNING: To avoid corruption, rescan devices to make changes visible (pvscan --cache).
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin
Found memtest86+ multiboot image: /memtest86+_multiboot.bin
  WARNING: Not using lvmetad because config setting use_lvmetad=0.
  WARNING: To avoid corruption, rescan devices to make changes visible (pvscan --cache).
Found Windows 10 on /dev/sda1
done
No warnings with use_lvmetad = 1

And this error still exits:

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Stopping remaining crypto disks ... sda2_crypt (busy) ... failed
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User avatar
Adrian
Developer
Posts: 8250
Joined: Wed Jul 12, 2006 1:42 am

Re: Full disk encryption

#15 Post by Adrian »

Wow! That's a lot, it's a full manual installation. Thanks, we'll probably use some concepts from here in the installer.

User avatar
c4os
Posts: 29
Joined: Tue Jun 19, 2018 12:28 pm

Re: Full disk encryption

#16 Post by c4os »

With pleasure! Here you got all steps needs todo for crypt installation.
Is the path /live/aufs/ the same what the installer uses? I found the configured lvm dir after my lvm setup.
If you have something to check or test, please let me know. :happy:


For the last issue:

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Stopping remaining crypto disks ... sda2_crypt (busy) ... failed
I compared the MX /lib/cryptsetup/cryptdisks.functions with my last xubuntu version and there are some differences at the stop part.

MX line 669:

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elif [ "$opencount" != "0" ]; then
		device_msg "$dst" "busy"
		if [ "$INITSTATE" = "early" ] || [ "$INITSTATE" = "manual" ]; then
			return 1
		elif [ "$INITSTATE" = "remaining" ]; then
			return 2
		fi
		return 0
Xubuntu line 672:

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elif [ "$opencount" != "0" ]; then
		device_msg "$dst" "busy"
		if [ "$INITSTATE" = "early" ] || [ "$INITSTATE" = "manual" ]; then
			return 1
		fi
		return 0
MX line 765:

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# Removes all mappings in crypttab
do_stop () {
	local dst src key opts opencount major minor

	dmsetup mknodes
	log_action_begin_msg "Stopping $INITSTATE crypto disks"

	egrep -v "^[[:space:]]*(#|$)" "$TABFILE" | while read dst src key opts; do
		for i in 1 2 4 8 16 32; do
			handle_crypttab_line_stop "$dst" "$src" "$key" "$opts" <&3 && break || ret=$?
			if [ $ret -eq 1 ] || [ $ret -eq 2 -a $i -gt 16 ]; then
				log_action_end_msg $ret
				break
			fi
			log_action_cont_msg "$dst busy..."
			sleep $i
		done 3<&1
	done

	log_action_end_msg 0
}
Xubuntu line 764:

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do_stop () {
	local dst src key opts opencount major minor

	dmsetup mknodes
	log_action_begin_msg "Stopping $INITSTATE crypto disks"

	egrep -v "^[[:space:]]*(#|$)" "$TABFILE" | while read dst src key opts; do
		handle_crypttab_line_stop "$dst" "$src" "$key" "$opts" <&3 || log_action_end_msg $?
	done 3<&1

	log_action_end_msg 0
}
After I removed the lines in MX the message still exists, but it takes no time to wait for poweroff.
This needs to be fixed, because such error looks not good with system installation! :p

Which installation method uses the MX-Installer?
He streams the /live/aufs or /live/linux content direct to the formated disk?
And what are the partition commands?
Sorry, but I'm not so familiar with cpp programming.
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User avatar
Adrian
Developer
Posts: 8250
Joined: Wed Jul 12, 2006 1:42 am

Re: Full disk encryption

#17 Post by Adrian »

The installer copies from /live/aufs, here's the relevant command:

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    QString cmd = QString("/bin/cp -a /live/aufs/bin /live/aufs/boot /live/aufs/dev");
    cmd.append(" /live/aufs/etc /live/aufs/lib /live/aufs/lib64 /live/aufs/media /live/aufs/mnt");
    cmd.append(" /live/aufs/opt /live/aufs/root /live/aufs/sbin /live/aufs/selinux /live/aufs/usr");
    cmd.append(" /live/aufs/var /live/aufs/home /mnt/antiX");
Even if you don't know cpp it's still pretty readable, it's just a long cp command that copies all those folders to /mnt/antiX where the new root partition is mounted.

User avatar
c4os
Posts: 29
Joined: Tue Jun 19, 2018 12:28 pm

Re: Full disk encryption

#18 Post by c4os »

Ok, then I did it right. :happy:
Why copy all these folder and not "/bin/cp -a /live/aufs /mnt/antiX"?
Doesn't matter, main thing it works.

I got a couble of questions. How do you calculate the swap space, or do you create a swap file?
Can you send me the correct github link for the installer? I found mx-test-installer and mx-installer.
Can you recommend a good code reader/editor?

About the issues, changing the /lib/cryptsetup/cryptdisk.functions makes no sense, because it will be overwritten on updates.
I saw the installed version is 1.7.3. The actual version is 2.0.3.
https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup
May we have to update to fix the "remaining" warning.
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dolphin_oracle
Developer
Posts: 19926
Joined: Sun Dec 16, 2007 1:17 pm

Re: Full disk encryption

#19 Post by dolphin_oracle »

http://www.youtube.com/runwiththedolphin
lenovo ThinkPad X1 Extreme Gen 4 - MX-23
FYI: mx "test" repo is not the same thing as debian testing repo.

User avatar
c4os
Posts: 29
Joined: Tue Jun 19, 2018 12:28 pm

Re: Full disk encryption

#20 Post by c4os »

Thanks!
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